Macroeconomics Is The Study Of Income And Production On...

Macroeconomics is the study of income and production on the national level. The economic problems of nations around the world are constantly in the news. A keen understanding of macroeconomics is required to adequately comprehend the impacts a nation’s decisions will have on its economy. In the global market of today, a country’s decision can have impact on the economies of many other nations. Macroeconomics is focused on the operation of a nation’s economy as a whole, and there are many types of data available for analysis. Economists use unemployment rates and cost, Consumer Price Index (CPI) and inflation, the rate of government tax revenue and spending, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to determine the long run success or failure of a nation’s economic strategy. An important data point in macroeconomics is the unemployment of a given country. Unemployment is a lot more complicated than one might initially think. A nation’s unemployed work force is comprised those individuals currently unemployed and looking for work. Obviously, the employed work force is made of workers that currently working. These two groups represent the labor force of a nation. The labor force does not include members of the population that are too young to work or have retired. More importantly, the labor force does not include the members of a nation that are no longer looking for work due to the inability to find a job. These are referred to as discouraged workers and are treatedShow MoreRelatedExamples of Macro and Micro Economics840 Words   |  4 Pagesdistribution, allotment, production and consumption of resources. Economics has been divided into two significant branches; one of it being the microeconomics and the other one being the macroeconomics. Microeconomics can be easily understood through the term micro itself which means small, microeconomics focuses on small level that is to say it includes areas of individual decisio n making and its core components include production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Macroeconomics on the other handRead MoreEssay Keynesian Economics1662 Words   |  7 Pages Macroeconomics is the branch of economics concerned with the aggregate, or overall, economy. Macroeconomics deals with economic factors such as total national output and income, unemployment, balance of payments, and the rate of inflation. It is distinct from microeconomics, which is the study of the composition of output such as the supply and demand for individual goods and services, the way they are traded in markets, and the pattern of their relative prices. At the basis of macroeconomicsRead MoreThe Study of Macroeconomics1507 Words   |  7 PagesMacro †¢ Microeconomics – the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. †¢ Macroeconomics – the study of the economy as a whole. – Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets at once. †¢ The Two Groups of Economists †¢ Macroeconomists †¢ Focus on the economy as a whole. †¢ Spend much time analyzing how total income changes and how changes in income cause changes in other modes ofRead More Impact of Macroeconomics on the Housing Industry Essay599 Words   |  3 Pagesbetter understand the real impact macroeconomics has in an economy or a particular industry, it is better to define what macroeconomics is and what it attempts to study. Contrary from microeconomics which studies the impact that individuals or companies have in a local economy, macroeconomics focuses on the behavior of the economy or industries as a whole, in a national or global perspective. (Investopedia.com, 2015) However, microeconomics and macroeconomics are interdependent and complement eachRead MoreA Report On The Supermarket Wars1211 Words   |  5 Pages The main purpose of this report is to make references to significant microeconomic models, in order to explain the supply, Demand, Market equilibrium, price discrimination, and Opportunity rate as well as making references to important macroeconomic aims which can be described with some examples such as growth, Inflation, Unemployment, GDP, exchange rates and many more, this two business economic topics are very relevant in today’s market as they represent the real-world meaning of the businessRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisionsRead MoreFinance Is Based On Economics841 Words   |  4 Pageseconomics. Therefore, to properly understand financial markets and their behavior, you must first understand economics. Economics is the concern of production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. It is the science that arises out of the relationship between limited resources and unlimited wants and needs by humans. Macroeconomics started with John Maynard Keynes, an English economist, who published a book entitled General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936. KeynesRead MoreMacroeconomics And Macroeconomics Of Macroeconomics1445 Words   |  6 PagesMacroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning large and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.[1][2] With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields ineconomics. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, National income, price indices, and the interrelationsRead MoreEconomics As An Area Of Study And Research1372 Words   |  6 Pages Economics Name Course Tutor Module Institution â€Æ' Introduction Economics as an area of study and research borrows from the social and scientific aspects of life. The interplay between the two principles helps in the formulation of ideals that influence distribution, production, and consumption. Right from the ancient times understanding and definition of the term dwelled on the issue of political economy. Nonetheless, developments by made scholars in the sector saw the formulation of newRead MoreMacro Eco1739 Words   |  7 Pagesinputs of labor. Econoland has 1000 hours of labor available. A haircut requires  ½ hour of labor, while a shirt requires 5 hours of labor. Construct Econolands PPF. Answer 1: To construct Econolands Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) we first need to understand what is a PPF. A production possibilities frontier (PPF) is a graph showing the different quantities of two goods that an economy can efficiently produce with limited productive resources. Points along the curve describe the trade-off

Alternative Fuel Source Free Essays

Small individual differences in our lifestyle can add up to large changes in society. There are many automobile companies exploring different types of energy supplies other than gasoline. Conduct research on these alternative fuel sources for automobiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Fuel Source or any similar topic only for you Order Now Discuss one alternative to gasoline for automobiles. Give some detailed background information on the automobile model that uses an alternative fuel source and please answer the following. †¢Would you consider buying one of these in the future? Why or Why Not? Yes, maybe. If I had the money for one. A dedicated natural-gas vehicle, like the Civic Natural Gas, runs exclusively on clean-burning natural gas. This guarantees 100% alternative-fuel use. Some other natural-gas vehicles use a â€Å"bi-fuel† system that doesn’t offer the same economic and low-emissions benefits that a dedicated system offers. A bi-fuel vehicle has two different fuel tanks—one containing traditional gasoline, and the other utilizing an alternative fuel such as natural gas. ttp://automobiles. honda. com/civic-natural-gas/faq. aspx †¢How many gallons of gas would you save annually if you bought one of these vehicles? Weight-saving technologies, improved aerodynamics and engine modifications result in a new Civic Natural Gas with an impressive EPA rating of 27/38/31 miles per gallon (gasoline-gallon equivalent)[1]. The recent engine and transmission changes have another upside: an increased range of over 10 percent, up to 190 m iles. 1] 27 city/38 hwy/31 combined miles per gallon (gasoline-gallon equivalent). Based on 2012 EPA mileage estimates. Use for comparison purposes only. Do not compare to models before 2008. Your actual mileage will vary depending on how you drive and maintain your vehicle. Performance Features http://automobiles. honda. com/civic-natural-gas/performance. aspx †¢Why do you think there are not more of these vehicles in use? For one they cost to much. The price for one of these are $26,305 How to cite Alternative Fuel Source, Essay examples

Amphiphilic Based Lipid Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery System

Question: Discuss about theAmphiphilic Based Lipid Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery System. Answer: Background and Long-Term Objectives Poor penetration of the drugs with various compositions across the BBB (blood-brain barrier) is evident in the biomedical research. This impacted greatly the pharmaceutical interventions of various neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumours and impairment of the central nervous system (Gan et al., 2013). BBB is the main route for the therapeutic compounds targeted to the brain. But, majority of the neuro medicines, transporter ligands and hydrophilic molecules have less permeability across this region. Nanocarriers, especially amphiphilic based lipid nanocarriers provide unlimited therapeutic potential (Nicolas et al., 2013). Hence, this research would design and test the effectiveness of biodegradable nanocarriers that can carry both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug components. Various drug delivery approaches have been designed in order to overcome BBB, for instance: modification of BBB functions, circumvention of BBB and modification of drug molecules. Invasive strategies used for drug delivery like intracerebral or intraventricular drug administration are highly effective in avoiding BBB. But, these processes also include certain limitations like infection risks (Kumari, Yadav Yadav, 2010). In case of non-invasive strategies such as drug administration via nasal pathway is also effective but limited distribution and low amount of drug delivery are the identified two major drawbacks (Yavlovich et al., 2010). In the present era, different nanotechnology platforms in medial biology field have obtained remarkable attention including both therapies and diagnostics. Innovatively designed multifunctional nanoparticles as drug carriers have impelled exponential development in medicinal application. The designs include liposomes, antibody-drug conjugates, dendrimers, and so on, which are based on exceptional assemblies of biological, natural or synthetic components. Mechanisms There are various types of targeting mechanisms demonstrated by the nanocarriers, like: active targeting, passive targeting, temperature specificity and pH specificity. Passive targeting is said to be the process where the nanocarriers travel down to a targeted system, suppose a tumour vascular system, become entrapped and accumulate within the target cells (Mura, Nicolas, Couvreur, 2013). The accumulation happens due to increased retention effect and permeability. Active targeting includes incorporation of target molecules like antibodies or ligands on the nanocarrierss surface, which are particular to certain cells of the system. Nanocarriers have higher ratio of surface area to volume that allow various ligands to attach to the surfaces (Nicolas et al., 2013). The targeting molecules allow the nanocarriers to penetrate directly across the cells. Certain nanocarriers only release drugs, which have specific pH ranges. The specificity of pH allows the nanocarriers to release drugs d irectly into the target site. Nanocarriers, which only liberate drugs at particular pH could therefore be applied to further release drugs in acidic environment. Some nanocarriers deliver drugs at particular temperature. It is evident that temperature of the tumour cells are higher (almost 40c) comparative to the rest of the system, which further enable to safeguard drug delivery at tumour-specific site. Recent Progresses and Specific Hypotheses Efflux pumps and interendothelial tight junctions are recognized as major limiting functions of the BBB that restrict drug penetration to the brain (Li et al., 2011). Hence, functional modification of the BBB is presently investigated. Drug penetration testing was done under strict ethical consideration that used cell culture model. Niosomes from the non-ionic surfactants have been designed that present amino acids, glucose analogues and BBB carrier ligands within the surfaces. Tissue distribution of the niosomes was assessed by using an in-vivo imaging system. The tissue was stained with Evans blue, an azo dye. Hypothesis: The amphiphilic based lipid nanocarriers are effective in drug delivery across the BBB by targeting the brain. Short-Term Goal of this Research Study: To alter the physio-chemical properties of the drug delivery molecules by increasing cationic charge or lipid solubility Maximization of lipid solubility could improve transport of a drug across BBB. This in turn could increase the uptake by the peripheral tissues. Further, sequestration within the capillary bed causes reduced concentration within the blood and the CNS. Non-ionic surfactant depended nanocarriers could demonstrate a versatile system. The size of the nanocarriers could be approximately between 50-200nm that have the capacity to entrap comparatively large amount of lipophilic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents. Such amphiphilic based lipid nanocarriers could protect encapsulated drugs from the gastrointestinal breakdown. These nanocarriers could be targeted in the brain by the surface alteration with the ligands for receptor proteins or BBB transporter. Nanocarriers that target the BBB receptors and physiological transporters can cross the endothelial cell layers of the brain. Long-Term Goals: Objective 1: To understand the mechanism of BBB (year 1 to 2) Transient rise of the permeability of BBB pathways and modifying efflux pump could improve drug delivery. Side-effects, safety and reversibility would be monitored continuously. BBB itself could act as the CNS drug source. If BBB becomes leaky, it allows immune cells entry to the CNS. Nevertheless, the immune cell passage across BBB is regulated and leakage acts as byproduct of the immune cells trafficking. The luminal surface does not necessitate passage across BBB and thereby, targeting peripheral tissues are highly effective to almost half of BBB. The luminal receptors, which stimulate endothelial cells of the brain are readily targetable. Objective 2: To understand uptake and diffusion of various nanocarriers along with ligand-receptor combinations across BBB (year 1 to 2) It is seen that intravenously administered niosomes that contain glucose analogue provide high fluorescent signals as a ligand within the brain tissue (Mura, Nicolas, Couvreur, 2013). This could be compared and checked in living mice model by incorporating non-targeted niosomes. Simultaneously, other forms of targeted nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes could also be checked by using cell culture models of BBB. These nanocarriers would contain therapeutic drugs for instance curcumin as a load and would be introduced to various ligands, which would be attached to the surface in order to target receptors or BBB transporters. Impact of Proposed Research The incorporation of medicine and nanotechnology has given rise to major advancements, which have further improved medication administration of various diseases. The application of amphiphilic based lipid nanocarriers would improve delivery of drug to the brain by smoothly crossing the BBB. As medicinal transformation is becoming more advanced, utilization of amphiphilic based lipid nanocarriers would change and invalidate conventional treatment criteria. However, the researchers should be careful enough about reversibility, safety and side-effects of the innovative applications. References Gan, L., Wang, J., Jiang, M., Bartlett, H., Ouyang, D., Eperjesi, F., Gan, Y. (2013). Recent advances in topical ophthalmic drug delivery with lipid-based nanocarriers.Drug discovery today,18(5), 290-297. Kumari, A., Yadav, S. K., Yadav, S. C. (2010). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems.Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,75(1), 1-18. Li, X., Qian, Y., Liu, T., Hu, X., Zhang, G., You, Y., Liu, S. (2011). Amphiphilic multiarm star block copolymer-based multifunctional unimolecular micelles for cancer targeted drug delivery and MR imaging.Biomaterials,32(27), 6595-6605. Mura, S., Nicolas, J., Couvreur, P. (2013). Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery.Nature materials,12(11), 991-1003. Nicolas, J., Mura, S., Brambilla, D., Mackiewicz, N., Couvreur, P. (2013). Design, functionalization strategies and biomedical applications of targeted biodegradable/biocompatible polymer-based nanocarriers for drug delivery.Chemical Society Reviews,42(3), 1147-1235. Yavlovich, A., Smith, B., Gupta, K., Blumenthal, R., Puri, A. (2010). Light-sensitive lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: design principles and future considerations for biological applications.Molecular membrane biology,27(7), 364-381.

not after midnight Review Essay Example

not after midnight Review Paper Essay on not after midnight This book a collection of small stories magnificent largest post-war novelist Daphne du Maurier. Under the charm and fascination of style and subjects was even known horor-A.Hichkok director, who directed 2 films for her stories, one of which is under this cover The Birds. Start fascinating description Cornish countryside and what he sees years: land fat and black, restless bird. But the story itself does not cause trembling at the knees if you have already thought about it. Here describes the everyday life of disabled war Hokena and sudden attack of birds in their area. No terror. There are not understanding, why it suddenly ?, have experience over there ?, is the thought of the prophecy, the man is to blame for this? Du Maurier allows, without looking up from his reading, drawing unprecedented divnosti picture in the imagination. Intricate plot strikes the imagination, but it can not be called fantastkoy it have something attractive that makes reading and admiring texts. I am inclined to think that it vivid characters and situations in which it is administered, and the hero, and the reader, and not just the ability to talk, but not without it. Especially memorable stories Little Photographer, Apple Alibi , they touch their depth and accurate insight into the thoughts of others, and of course a special look at the life of the writer itself. Well, no, actually, you could see in the apple, dried apple, deceased wife of his neighbor, for example?) Still want to mention an excellent article The ordinariness and mystery of G.Andzhaparidze du Mary and this collection. She wrote simply and to the point on each of the stories and at the same time not disregarded its analysis and historical context. We will write a custom essay sample on not after midnight Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on not after midnight Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on not after midnight Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Queen Annes Revenge - Blackbeards Pirate Ship

The Queen Anne's Revenge - Blackbeard's Pirate Ship The Queen Annes Revenge was a massive pirate ship commanded by Edward Blackbeard Teach in 1717-18. Originally a French slaving vessel that Blackbeard captured and modified, it was one of the most formidable pirate ships ever, carrying 40 cannons and enough room for plenty of men and loot. The Queen Annes Revenge was capable of fighting off nearly any Navy warship afloat at the time. It sank in 1718, and many believe that Blackbeard scuttled it on purpose. The wreck has been found and has turned up a treasure trove of pirate artifacts. From Concorde to Queen Annes Revenge On November 17, 1717, Blackbeard captured La Concorde, a French slaving vessel. He realized that it would make a perfect pirate ship. It was large yet fast and big enough to mount 40 cannons on board. He renamed it Queen Annes Revenge: the name referred to Anne, Queen of England and Scotland (1665-1714). Many pirates, including Blackbeard, were Jacobites: this meant that they favored the return of the throne of Great Britain from the House of Hanover to the House of Stuart. It had changed hands after Annes death. The Ultimate Pirate Ship Blackbeard preferred to intimidate his victims into surrendering, as fights were costly. For several months in 1717-18, Blackbeard used the Queen Annes Revenge to effectively terrorize shipping in the Atlantic. Between the massive frigate and his own fearsome appearance and reputation, Blackbeards victims rarely put up a fight and handed over their cargoes peacefully.  He plundered the shipping lanes at will. He was even able to blockade the port of Charleston for a week in April of 1718, looting several ships. The town gave him a valuable chest full of medicines to make him go away. The Queen Annes Revenge Sinks In June of 1718, the Queen Annes Revenge hit a sandbar off of North Carolina and had to be abandoned. Blackbeard took the opportunity to make off with all of the loot and a select few of his favorite pirates, leaving the others (including hapless pirate Stede Bonnet) to fend for themselves. Because Blackbeard went legit (sort of) for a little while after that, many thought he scuttled his flagship on purpose. Within a few months, Blackbeard would return to piracy and on November 22, 1718, he was killed by pirate hunters in a pitched battle off of North Carolina. The Wreck of the Queen Anne’s Revenge In 1996, a shipwreck believed to be that of the Queen Annes Revenge was discovered off of North Carolina. For 15 years it was excavated and studied, and in 2011 it was confirmed to be Blackbeards ship. The shipwreck has yielded many interesting artifacts, including weapons, cannons, medical gear and a massive anchor. Juha Flinkman, SubZone OY / CC BY-SA 4.0 / Wikimedia Commons Many of the artifacts are on display at North Carolinas Maritime museum and can be viewed by the public. The opening of the exhibit drew record crowds, a testament to Blackbeards lasting reputation and popularity. Sources Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New York: Osprey, 2003.

The Difference of DNP Program from a Traditional Ph.D. Program Essay

The Difference of DNP Program from a Traditional Ph.D. Program - Essay Example Healthcare is continually advancing, even as its delivery is becoming progressively complicated. Advancements in the nursing practice have been prompted due to the inability of the current nursing practice to meet these changes and complications (AACN, 2010). The DNP program has been set forth as a much-needed step towards the development of a non-research clinical doctorate program which can arm expert practitioners with the skills needed to serve as clinical faculty (AACN, 2010). In effect, it is different from the traditional Ph.D. program in the sense that it takes the learning process one step further towards a more clinical approach to nursing education and practice. The DNP program will also incorporate the APRN content which is already in the master’s programs. It will also highlight evidence-based nursing, as well as nurse competency in converting research into practice, in assessing evidence, in applying research in the decision-making process, and in employing feasi ble clinical advancements to the nursing practice (AACN, 2009).

Reflection Paper, on Jill Bolte Taylor's stroke of insight, found on Movie Review

Reflection Paper, on Jill Bolte Taylor's stroke of insight, found on www.ted.com - Movie Review Example She tells how she felt to be one with universe with the boundaries of her body merging with the environment when she had a stroke in her right brain hemisphere, and concludes her talk by saying how beautiful and peaceful she felt at that time and how we all should learn to internalize that message from our right hemisphere so that there is peace and happiness in the world (â€Å"Jill Bolte Taylor’s stroke of insight†). Bullet Points Comments The moment-by-moment description of stroke is valuable information for science. How she interprets her experiences can be a matter of contest. It seems that Jill Bolte is exaggerating a little. Memory may distort the actual events. As a scientist, Jill Bolte could have dwelled more on the scientific aspects of her experiences. The scientific facts corresponding to each and every moment of stroke experience, if narrated, might have been more informative. Even a scientist with rational thinking capabilities is prone to be subjective, when analyzing one’s own very personal realm.

Technology and modern enterprise Essay Example for Free

Technology and modern enterprise Essay Today billions in advertising dollars flee old media and are pouring into digital efforts, and this shift is reshaping industries and redefining skills needed to reach today’s consumers. Firms are harnessing social media for new product ideas and for millions in sales. Many of the world’s most successful technology firms—organizations that have had tremendous impact on consumers and businesses across industries—were created by young people. Today, tech knowledge can be a key differentiator for the job seeker. It’s the worker without tech skills that needs to be concerned. The aspiring investment banker who doesn’t understand the role of technology in firms and industries can’t possibly provide an accurate guess at how much a company is worth. Lecture 2 Chapter 2-4 Strategy and technology, case of Zara and Netflix Sustainable competitive advantage: financial performance that consistently outperforms their industry peers. According to Porter, the reason so many firms suffer aggressive, margin-eroding competition is because they’ve defined themselves according to operational effectiveness rather than strategic positioning. Operational effectiveness refers to performing the same tasks better than rivals perform them. Everyone wants to be better, but the danger in operational effectiveness is â€Å"sameness.† The fast follower problem exists when savvy rivals watch a pioneer’s efforts, learn from their successes and missteps, then enter the market quickly with a comparable or superior product at a lower cost. Operational effectiveness is critical. Firms must invest in techniques to improve quality, lower cost, and design efficient customer experiences. But for the most part, these efforts can be matched. Because of this, operational effectiveness is usually not sufficient enough to yield sustainable dominance over the competition. In contrast to operational effectiveness, strategic positioning refers to performing different activities from those of rivals, or the same activities in a different way. Technology itself is often very easy to replicate, and those assuming advantage lies in technology alone may find themselves in a profit-eroding arms race with rivals able to match their moves step by step. But while technology can be copied, technology can also play a critical role in creating and strengthening strategic differences—advantages that rivals will struggle to match. Higher inventory turns mean the firm is selling product faster, so it collects money quicker than its rivals do. Resource based view of competitive advantage can help: if a firm is to maintain sustainable competitive advantage, it must control a set of exploitable resources that have four critical characteristics. These resources must be (1) valuable, (2) rare, (3) imperfectly imitable (tough to imitate), and (4) non-substitutable. Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) enabled existing fiber to carry more transmissions than ever before. The end result—these new assets weren’t rare and each day they seemed to be less valuable. Firms that craft an imitation-resistant value chain have developed a way of doing business that others will struggle to replicate, and in nearly every successful effort of this kind, technology plays a key enabling role. Sources of switching costs: learning costs, information and data, financial commitment, contractual commitments, search costs, loyalty programs. In order to win customers from an established incumbent, a late-entering rival must offer a product or service that not only exceeds the value offered by the incumbent but also exceeds the incumbent’s value and any customer switching costs. Commodities are products or services that are nearly identically offered from multiple vendors. Consumers buying commodities are highly price-focused since they have so many similar choices. In order to break the commodity trap, many firms leverage technology to differentiate their goods and services. Data is not only a switching cost, it also plays a critical role in differentiation. Network effects (sometimes called network externalities or Metcalfe’s Law) exist when a product or service becomes more valuable as more people use it. Switching costs also play a role in determining the strength of network effects. Tech user investments often go far beyond simply the cost of acquiring a technology. Nothing lasts forever, and shifting technologies and market conditions can render once strong assets as obsolete. It doesn’t matter if it’s easy for new firms to enter a market if these newcomers can’t create and leverage the assets needed to challenge incumbents. Beware of those who say, â€Å"IT doesn’t matter† or refer to the â€Å"myth† of the first mover. This thinking is overly simplistic. It’s not a time or technology lead that provides sustainable competitive advantage; it’s what a firm does with its time and technology lead. If a firm can use a time and technology lead to create valuable assets that others cannot match, it may be able to sustain its advantage. But if the work done in this time and technology lead can be easily matched, then no advantage can be achieved, and a firm may be threatened by new entrants. Industry competition and attractiveness can be described by considering the following five forces: (1) the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors, (2) the potential for new entrants to challenge incumbents, (3) the threat posed by substitute products or services, (4) the power of buyers, and (5) the power of suppliers.

A Doll’s House and Fathers and Sons Essay -- Comparative, Ibsen, Tur

Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons reflect two unique societal struggles. While both texts deal with a main character attempting to overcome society’s resistance to progress, they delineate from each other in the characters’ relative successes as well as divergent societal implications. The formal cause of these differences is ultimately societal mores as well as contrasting aims: Ibsen deals with feminism, whereas Turgenev discusses nihilism. However, both novels were written in the 19th century and dealt with local issues, where the implications beyond their respective societies were disregarded. Hence, these two texts both play an important role in their respective societies. However, these two texts are harbingers for two contrasting revolutions, where A Doll’s House and Fathers and Sons feature enlightened and darkened protagonists respectively. While both Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons and Ibsen’s A D oll’s House challenge traditional society’s thoughts and beliefs, the diction, character arcs, author’s tone and exposition reflect contrasting opinions on the successes of the two revolutionary attempts. Both Ibsen’s and Turgenev’s texts vary in the use and role of foreign languages. While Pavel Petrovich, a main character in Fathers and Sons, is a xenophile, the experiences of Nora Torvald in A Doll’s House are very limited. Pavel’s love of foreign cultures is portrayed through his use of French words, whereas Nora lacks worldly understanding and thusly lives in the proverbial doll’s house. Pavel describes liberalism as ‘trà ¨s distinguà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and says ‘bon soir’ when he goes to bed, whereas Nora emphasises the need â€Å"to reach any [some] understanding of herself and the things around her, she must learn to stand... ...e relatable to the popular audience. The two main characters – Bazarov and Nora – progress society to very different degrees. This is reflected by the absence of character development in Nikolai and Pavel as well as the radical changes in Nora’s persona. Nora’s power over Helmer contrasts how Russian society prevails over Bazarov. While Bazarov becomes sick and infirm, Nora asserts her independence over her familial duties. Ultimately, the degree of resolution of the two problems – female subordination and serfs’ indolence – varies between the two texts. While Arkady fails to address the serfs’ dissatisfaction, Nora emerges out of her doll’s house with an inquisitive mind. Therefore, Ivan Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House use the four aforementioned elements to contrast the relative successes and implications of the attempted revolutions.

Environmental Studies Essays – Global Warming

Cautions: Global Heating!The air quality of our ambiance has been in drastic alterations in the past century. Industrial revolution has cause major injury to our environment. Pollution, dumping toxic wastes into our ocean, and let go ofing harmful gases and sprays into the ambiance. These are some of the cause of planetary warming so unsafe in the universe ‘s environment. We should take more action towards planetary heating before it ‘s excessively late. What is Global warming? Global warming refers to an mean addition in the Earth ‘s temperature, which in bend causes alterations in clime ( Global ) . Population growing, deforestation, and pollution have increased by a big border from 20, 40, or even a hundred old ages ago. Since the Industrial Revolution, machines have changed the manner life we lived. Before the Industrial Revolution, human activity released really few gases into the ambiance, but now through population growing, fossil fuel combustion, and deforestation, we are impacting the mixture of gases in the ambiance ( Global ) . It is imperative that we, the people, take action on our deceasing environment, for the hereafter of our childs and coevalss to come. Unless stairss are taken to halt this patterned advance of events, and even in malice of such stairss, the huge bulk of the grounds shows that the Earth will go on to turn heater, with widespread and even ruinous consequences. How did we happen out what was the cause of planetary heating? After making some research, I learned that planetary heating is created by the nursery consequence: The nursery consequence is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the ambiance ( H2O vapour, C dioxide, azotic oxide, and methane, for illustration ) trap energy from the Sun. Without these gases, heat would get away back into infinite and Earth ‘s mean temperature would be about 60 F colder. Because of how they warm our universe, these gases are referred to as nursery gases ( Global ) . Make you cognize what a nursery is? Have you of all time seen houses with a little glass house in the backyard merely for workss? Well these glass houses besides known as a nursery. They are meant for workss to last through the winter clip by pin downing heat within the house. Since, Earth ‘s ambiance is really much like the nursery theoretical account, energy from the Sun passes through our ambiance where energy is absorbed by the air, H2O, and workss. Once absorbed, the energy so releases itself back into the ambiance and so releases into infinite. Without the nursery consequence, our clime could be black because the ambiance regulates our clime. It could raise or take down the temperatures, misbalancing nature. Even though the nursery consequence is good for the environment, it could besides be bad. Since the ambiance is filled with pollution, the energy re-releasing back into infinite sometimes gets trapped by the ambiance and warms up the Earth ‘s clime. Pollution is one of the largest jobs in today ‘s environment. By breathing harmful gases such as C dioxide which are chiefly released from autos and power workss, harmful gases will construct up into the ambiance. The harmful effects of gas build up in the ambiance and can increase the temperature of the Earth which could jeopardize workss, cause wild conditions forms, or alter land formations ( Global ) . There are many ways to increase the effects of planetary heating such as taint, wastes, or deforestation. One of the largest manufacturers of pollution is power workss. Harmonizing to the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) , turning on the telecasting, utilizing the washer/dryer, or even turning on a visible radiation can assist take to more nursery gases since they use electricity which originate from power workss. The exhausts of power workss are created from the combustion of dodo fuels which are released into the ambiance. What is fossil fuel? Harmonizing to the Greenhouse Effect article, fossil fuel originated from workss. Plants take C dioxide from the air. When the works dies, the remains are buried in the dirt. After 1000s and 1000s of old ages, the C dioxide is transformed into a coal or oil which is fossil fuel. The General Accounting Office survey forecasts a 42 per centum rush in electricity production over the following two decennaries that will hike U.S. power workss ‘ C dioxide emanations by 35 per centum and quicksilver emanations by 9 per centum ( Eaton ) . Si nce the population of the universe is turning each twenty-four hours ; people are traveling to utilize more power which would make more fossil fuels being burned up and more power workss being built to suit the rate of the population. Even though there are no innovations to do fossil fuel exhausts to be more friendl to the environment, there are other options to cut back on firing fossil fuels. By conserving power, we can cut back on electricity which could assist by firing less fossil fuel. Part of the job could be solved by change overing these workss to fire cleaner natural gas ( Overview ) . There are other options to bring forth energy that do n't come from power workss such as solar and weave energy. Solar energy is known to utilize solar panels to garner energy from a heat beginning such as the Sun. This energy is gathered and stored in a level panel where it is stored until the energy is consumed. Unlike Solar energy, there is another manner to garner energy from our environment. Wind-power energy gathers energy from the air current. Have you of all time driven in the main road and seen these big white fans on the top of a hill? Well, those fans are wind conservers. They act the same as solar but by the ai r current. The sum of energy additions depending on the velocity of the air current. In other words, the faster it goes, the more energy is gathered. Technological progresss have brought the cost of electricity generated by the air current down by 82 per centum since 1981 ( Overview ) . Today, the mean individual normally drives himself/herself to work, go, traveling or dropping person away at school, yet do they cognize how much injury it can do merely to make an errand? With 1000000s of autos goaded each twenty-four hours, many harmful toxins are released from the autos exhaust. The sum of gases released can do harmful effects to the environment and to wellness. Like power workss, autos are merely little versions of power workss, but with so many of them being driven, it could be worse than power workss. The exhausts of these autos can take to take a breathing jobs chiefly for older people since their lungs are normally weaker. Organophosphate insect powders, such as diazinon, disulfoton, azinphos-methyl, and fonofos, are used widely in agribusiness and in family applications as pesticides. Over 25,000 trade names of pesticides are available in the United States, and their usage is monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) . The release of the pesticide can do kids or people, if inhaled, to do malfunctions in their immune system because it mutants their cells. To assist the environment, engineering can be really helpful in diminishing the nursery consequence that is blighting our environment. While there is no engineering to take C02 from a auto ‘s fumes, we can do them foul less by doing them more fuel efficient ( Overview ) . Making autos that are fuel efficient can cut back on fuels being used by autos. Hybrid autos ( Gas/Electric Cars ) are being created that Lashkar-e-Taiba you go over 800 stat mis before a fill up for fuel. Newer engineering is leting autos to run further by utilizing less gas by switching the engine between electricity and gas. If we are to do any advancement in decelerating planetary heating, we must do our autos go further on a gallon of gas ( Overview ) . Wastes are another big job in our environment and a helper of planetary heating. Sometimes anti-environmental groups shit wastes into lakes and oceans where they could pollute an country and misbalance the ecosystem. This can do a job because wastes could let go of risky stuffs that could be radioactive or really harmful that can do people to be ill. Yet, do the people know what the consequence of this waste can do make to the environment? As a Norman Myers said, if we do n't watch what we do with our resources and what we do to our environment, our resources will shortly be depleted which will do a immense struggle throughout the universe. Make you cognize where your rubbish is being dumped everyday? If you say in a landfill, you are right. A landfill is where your rubbish is processed and compacted and stored. Yet what does the construct up of landfill have to make with planetary heating? The rubbish that we send to landfills produces a nursery gas called methane. It is a merchandise of decomposition of organic affair and of the carbonisation of coal. Methane is one of the nursery gas chemical compounds. Methane is besides produced by the animate beings we raise for dairy and meat merchandises and when we take coal out of the land ( Global ) . Like power workss and autos, rubbish can be really risky in the physique up of the nursery consequence. Since rubbish and wastes are acquiring overcrowded in landfills it could take to problem in the close hereafter. Runing out of room to hive away our wastes, there are ways of shortening the burden of rubbish by recycling. Recycling is the procedure of recycling waste to do new stuff. Even though the public thinks recycling is good, it can besides be bad. The usage of sewerage sludge as a fertiliser poses a more important lead menace to the land than did the usage of leaded gasolene. All sewerage sludges contain elevated concentrations of lead due to the nature of the intervention procedure†¦ Lead is a extremely toxic and cumulative ( Stauber 108 ) . Recycling wastes to make fertiliser on workss can harm husbandmans and ruin agribusiness. The stuff in these wastes is really harmful because it could be contaminated with unnatural substances. Land spreading of sewerage sludge is non a true ‘disposal ‘ method, but instead serves merely to reassign the pollutants in the sludge from the intervention works to the dirt, air and land H2O of the disposal site ( Stauber 109 ) . Destroying nature can besides shorten the life span of the Earth. Deforestation, the procedure of cutting down trees could upset the ecosystem or the environment. Harmonizing to the EPA, The projected 2C ( 3.6F ) heating could switch the ideal scope for many North American wood species by about 300 kilometers ( 200 myocardial infarction. ) to the North ( EPA ) . Since trees remove C dioxide from the air, cutting down the trees would merely ensue in clime alterations. If the clime alterations easy plenty, warmer temperatures may enable the trees to colonise north into countries that are presently excessively cold, at about the same rate as southern countries became excessively hot and dry for the species to last ( EPA ) . Due to deforestation and planetary heating, the displacement of clime alteration dries up the dirt which would be impossible to turn anything. This is how comeuppances are created. The per centum of the universe ‘s workss threatened with extinction is much larg er than normally believed, and could be every bit high as 47 per centum if tropical species are included, research workers said ( Study ) . How can we assist halt the people who are cutting down the trees? By making the antonym, seting trees would assist the environment since it removes C dioxide, a nursery gas. At the rate of seting one tree is about the same rate of 1000s of trees being cut down. Regulating tree cutting companies would decelerate down the procedure of deforestation but it is still a job because wood is really high in demand for lodging and building. How is nature keeping up against planetary heating? The effects of planetary heating have destroyed 1000s of places by inundations, created new diseases, and have left 100s homeless to the violent disorder of awkward conditions forms. Global warming effects do non merely alter the temperatures ; they can take to the alteration of conditions forms and the rise of sea degrees. Lay waste toing floodsjust some of 526 important natural catastrophes in the first nine months of the yearripped through parts of Europe, China, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh this twelvemonth, killing 1000s of people and go forthing 1000000s more homeless. Even though some states might acquire positive effects such as helping against drouths, other states would acquire effects from planetary heating ( UN ) . The alteration of conditions forms can be really black to nature and the sea since it alters the ecosystem. By altering the ecosystem, animate beings and flora are pushed out of their home ground and into a different location. Wild life is n't able to accommodate to the new environment easy because they would n't cognize where to garner nutrient or struggles with other species. Weather forms can make tsunamis ( big tidal moving ridges ) which would crash into coastal parts making erodings. Sea degrees are lifting due to the rise of temperature due to planetary heating. Sea degree may lift between several inches and every bit much as 3 pess during the following century ( EPA ) . Due to the thaw of glaciers, H2O is lifting from the ocean which is saltwater and it can distribute or deluge inland endangering workss and animate beings. If we do non assist the environment now, our planet wo n't be in the close hereafter. It is of import that the people understand that harming the planet to a grade can do the extinction of the Earth. Rise of temperature, alteration in conditions forms, toxic wastes skulking in our air, we are vulnerable. If we want to last on this planet in the hereafter, we must move now before it is excessively late. Stairss need to be taken to cut back and decelerate down planetary heating until newer engineering can change and to assist the length of service of our universe.

Heaven Can Wait Belt Up

Commercial analysis: Heaven can wait belt up This report will discuss the issue commercial how to convey the idea to consumer. Introduction Here is a car charity commercial advertisement without any world and talk through. Only utility the background music, shocking animation and a woman sang. It brought us the shocking and stunning. At last, the image fade out, then show the slogan â€Å"heaven can wait belt up†. As the following we will talk about the commercial advertisement. Here is one of places in the world, and everything is just like normal. For a while, the clash burst out, and tree is shaking.Furthermore, we saw a car bump into a tree strongly. There are three persons on the car. All of them are unconscious. Few seconds later, their soul was department from their own body. The three people, only one of them belt, and others doesn’t. Because of the driver didn’t belt, their souls went up to heaven, so as the backside passage. But the front passenger had belt, his soul was struggle for the belt. But the belt restricted him to get rid of. At last, the belt rescues the front passenger. After that, the screen show the slogan, †HEAVEN CAN WAIT BELT UP† and fade out.This charity alarm us should seat belt when we drive, no matter you are driver or passenger. Belt can keep u safe, even heaven can wait belt up. Next, we will discuss the characteristic, animation and music. Characteristic There are only three persons in the video, the driver, front passenger, and back passenger. Besides, here are car, tree, soul and music. The animation of soul showed us a strongly visual effect. Moreover, with the music, we can feel from peace to shock. In the whole advertising, there is without any words in the video. Music All of the advertisement without any word and talk through.There are only the music and the image in the advertisement. But it strongly remained us we should belt when we drive no matter we are driver or passenger. So the mu sic here is important and indispensable, and we will discuss about the transition of the music. There are three sounds of the different types. First is peace situation with the sound of bird and nature. Then when the clash occurred, the condition was changing. At last is the song which woman song amazing music. At beginning, the surround is bird’s song and the nature’s voice. It means everything is peace and we don’t need to worry about anything.When clash burst out, everything changed. Soul of life wants to leave their body, and the women’s voice stand for life will go to heaven. Just like god summon and they must to leave. But when the women’s voice disappeared, the soul of that front passenger back with wheeze and heavy breathing, seems the life returned. Then the nature’s voice returned, and everything is back to the normal peace. In the west-country, when we die we believe we will go to heaven and get rid of the guilty, and the song wit h the women’s voice stand for the meaning of go to heaven. The sound from beginning to the end was a continuous situation.We can image the situation with the music and the animation. It shocked us the feel of visual and sound. Without any word, but tell us the safety method to drive. Animation The soul spilt from the body, they struggle but only one back to their own body. The soul means our life is weak and we need to protect by the belt. Youth are often hasty and without thinking. So the soul is just like our original nature. But the belt protect the soul get away from the passenger, so it is simply to tell us we should belt up and then we can drive. Customer analysis We will discuss that by sender and receiver’s viewpoint. SenderHere is a car commercial charity advertising which is sponsored by Axion. It is a bank company always support youth’s activities from Belgium and their focus market is youth group. So the advertisement is also made to the youth who sh ould belt up when they drive. There are two different meanings in that advertisement. One of that reminded drives or passenger who should belt up, keep your life safe. And another one is keeping your money in a safe bank account. So youth can notice that car accident without belt is closed to youth’s life. For youth, they are potential group for bank. There are some reasons we can talk about.First of all, youth are going to step into the employ market sooner, and most of them don’t know how to deal with their dollar. The second is youth don’t have enough knowledge for finance, such as we don’t know how to loan form bank and so on. Most important of all, we are too young to do the reasonable thing. Everything is fun, we must try. So the dangerous will happen when we think it’s cool. In short, if the bank can provide us a safe account to keep our dollar and we can utility money in proper method with less risk. So the other meaning is that ad is †Å"choice our bank we will provide you a safe account and protect you from the crisis†.Their niche market focus on the youth group, this group drive fast and doesn’t know how to evaluate the risk. When the disaster occurred, they can’t handle with that situation. So Axion can provide you a good solution to prevent the problem. If you go to our bank and apply our service, we will give you a safe insurance for your account. Furthermore, you also can have a loan in our bank. All in all, the sender gave us two messages. One is when you drive, you should belt up. And another one is our bank can give you a better choice. Receiver Axion is focus on the youth group, who can drive.The economic situation is in the middle of class, and the range of age is around 16 to 35. If you have the right to drive, you are the receiver. Besides, education level can range from senior high to adult and gender is focus on male. At last, we will show the video to youth who can drive and the ir age are around 20 to 30 then get the feedback from them. The feel of people who see the advertisement We showed this video to youth, and ask them two questions in order to get the feedback of video. First, what’s your first impress about the video? And can you image the situation you drive in the future?In the first question, the answer is interesting such as the belt’s effect is like magic, supplemental restraint system didn’t work, even one of them feel creepy, and the road is big but why they still can bump the tree. And the second is consistent. Because all of them said â€Å"we need to belt up†. Conclude To sum up, the video want to tell us, â€Å"HEAVEAN CAN WAIT BELT UP†. When we drive, we need to belt and that can keep us safe. It’s important for us to belt when we drive. And the other point is if youth want to choose a bank, you can find Axion’s bank. Related article: Conveyor Belt Project

Free Essays on Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was an improvement to our nation. The revolution begins with small farms in the 1700’s that began to be wealthy landowners. They turned the land into factories to produce items faster. During the revolution people started growing their crops differently so they grew faster. The textile industry was the main part of the revolution. The revolution gave today many advantages to society. It increased the economy for at the time and it introduced the time period for new ideas. The Industrial Revolution set standards for the economy, provided people with new jobs and inventions, and spread the industry and cultures. The revolution made many changes occur throughout several countries. There were economy changes during the whole revolution. It changed from communism to capitalism. There were union and non-union companies. They began new corporations in order make a better profit. In these corporations the employee’s would invest in stock. The mass production of things also helped the economy. It helped make a lot of the corporation’s money. The Industrial Revolution helped people find jobs. Since people had to move off of their farms, they moved to cities. They found many jobs in the factories. The work and conditions where hard but they made money. This was an up rise for the middle class. During the Industrial Revolution many inventions were created. The inventions increased the economy and helped out on lifestyles of today. Crop rotation was one way of helping out agriculture. The inventions where a big help to agriculture and textiles. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat out of a steam engine. Hartwick made the Spinning Jenny. Eli Whitney created the cotton gin. In 1814, George Stephenson made the first steam engine. All of these inventions increased the amount of products, which also helped out the economy. The Industrial Revolution still effects today because without it, the numerous small inventi... Free Essays on Industrial Revolution Free Essays on Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an improvement to our nation. The revolution begins with small farms in the 1700’s that began to be wealthy landowners. They turned the land into factories to produce items faster. During the revolution people started growing their crops differently so they grew faster. The textile industry was the main part of the revolution. The revolution gave today many advantages to society. It increased the economy for at the time and it introduced the time period for new ideas. The Industrial Revolution set standards for the economy, provided people with new jobs and inventions, and spread the industry and cultures. The revolution made many changes occur throughout several countries. There were economy changes during the whole revolution. It changed from communism to capitalism. There were union and non-union companies. They began new corporations in order make a better profit. In these corporations the employee’s would invest in stock. The mass production of things also helped the economy. It helped make a lot of the corporation’s money. The Industrial Revolution helped people find jobs. Since people had to move off of their farms, they moved to cities. They found many jobs in the factories. The work and conditions where hard but they made money. This was an up rise for the middle class. During the Industrial Revolution many inventions were created. The inventions increased the economy and helped out on lifestyles of today. Crop rotation was one way of helping out agriculture. The inventions where a big help to agriculture and textiles. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat out of a steam engine. Hartwick made the Spinning Jenny. Eli Whitney created the cotton gin. In 1814, George Stephenson made the first steam engine. All of these inventions increased the amount of products, which also helped out the economy. The Industrial Revolution still effects today because without it, the numerous small inventi...

Requirements to Become President of the U.S.

Requirements to Become President of the U.S. What are the constitutional requirements and qualifications to serve as president of the United States? Forget the nerves of steel, the charisma, the background and skill set, the fund-raising network,  and the legions of loyal folks who agree with your stance on all the issues. Just to get into the game, you have to ask: How old are you and where were you born? The U.S. Constitution Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution imposes only three eligibility requirements on persons serving as president, based on the officeholder’s age, time of residency in the U.S., and citizenship status: No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. These requirements have been modified twice. Under the 12th Amendment, the same three qualifications were applied to the vice president of the United States. The 22nd Amendment limited office holders to two terms as president. Age Limits In setting the minimum age of 35 for serving as president, compared to 30 for senators and 25 for representatives, the framers of the Constitution implemented their belief that the person holding the nation’s highest elected office should be a person of maturity and experience. As early Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story noted, the character and talent of a middle-aged person are fully developed, allowing them a greater opportunity to have experienced â€Å"public service† and to have served â€Å"in the public councils.† Residence While a member of Congress need only be an â€Å"inhabitant† of the state he or she represents, the president must have been a resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years. The Constitution, however, is vague on this point. For example, it does not make clear whether those 14 years need to be consecutive or the precise definition of residency. On this, Justice Story wrote, by residence, in the Constitution, is to be understood, not an absolute inhabitancy within the United States during the whole period; but such an inhabitancy, as includes a permanent domicile in the United States. Citizenship In order to be eligible to serve as president, a person must either have been born on U.S. soil or (if born overseas) to at least one parent who is a citizen. The Framers clearly intended to exclude any chance of foreign influence from the highest administrative position in the federal government. John Jay felt so strongly on the issue that he sent a letter to George Washington in which he demanded that the new Constitution require a strong check to the admission of Foreigners into the administration of our national Government; and to declare expressly that the Commander in Chief of the American army shall not be given to nor devolve on, any but a natural born Citizen. Supreme Court Justice Story would later write that the natural-born-citizenship requirement â€Å"cuts off all chances for ambitious foreigners, who might otherwise be intriguing for the office.† Under the ancient English common-law principle of jus soli, all persons- other than children of enemy aliens or foreign diplomats- born within the borders of a country are considered citizens of that country from birth. As a result, most people born within the United States- including the children of undocumented immigrants- are â€Å"natural born citizens† legally eligible to serve as president under the Citizenship Clause of the 14th Amendment, which states, â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.†    Less clear-cut, however, is whether children born abroad to United States citizens are similarly â€Å"natural born citizens† and eligible to serve as president. Since 1350, the British Parliament has applied the rule of jus sanguinis, which holds that newborn children inherit the citizenship of their parents, regardless of the place of birth. Thus, it is not surprising that when Congress enacted the first U.S. naturalization law in 1790, that law declared that â€Å"the children of citizens of the United States, that may be born beyond the sea, or out of the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural born citizens.†   Ã‚  Ã‚   Still, the question of whether the term â€Å"natural born Citizen† used in the Presidential Eligibility Clause of Article II incorporates both the parliamentary rule of jus sanguinis in addition to the common law principle of jus soli. In the 1898 case of United States v. Wong Kim Ark the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that citizenship through jus sanguinis, while available by statute, was not available through the 14th Amendment. Today, however, most constitutional experts argue that the Presidential Eligibility Clause of Article II does incorporate both jus sanguinis and jus soli, so George Romney, who was born in Mexico to American parents was eligible to run for president in 1968. Presidential Trivia and Controversies John F. Kennedy was the  youngest person  to be elected president; he was 43 years old when he was inaugurated in 1961.There is no maximum age limit set forth in the Constitution.  Ronald Reagan  was the  oldest president; at the end of his term in 1988, he was nearly 77.A number of presidential hopefuls have had their citizenship questioned over the years. During the 2016 campaign, Donald Trump accused Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, who was born in Canada to an American mother and Cuban-born father, of not being eligible for the presidency.The election of President Barack Obama in 2008, whose father was Kenyan, prompted a number of lawmakers to call for the presentation of a candidates birth certificate at the time that he or she files for candidacy.  Martin Van Buren was the first president to be born after the American Revolution, making him the first true American to serve.Virginia has produced more presidents- eight- than any other state. However, five of those men were born p rior to independence. If you count only persons born after the American Revolution, then the honor goes to Ohio, which has produced seven leaders. Election Day was established by Congress in 1845 as the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Prior to that, each state set its own date for elections.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example The person wanted to know if the problem seen from the perspective of the employee and their particular obligation to the larger organizational community. I was asked to explain the many issues linked to CSR. A second question raised was related to the commitment to CSR, and whether CSR is designed to help an organization to make a profit, whether it is truly concerned with the company’s degree of social commitment. Organizations are set up and designed in order to be profitable. In order to focus upon this they must of necessity publicize themselves in markets both local and worldwide. They can do this by undertaking various organizations undertake various procedures. Another reason why companies need to promote themselves is the competitive element. There will always be other companies who are trying to get the edge over them. CSR is a positive response to such pressures and will be accepted in a positive way. A number of research studies have revealed the positive propertie s of CSR and its good effects upon employees (Ali and Ali, 2011; Gross and Holland, 2011; Brammer, Millington and Rayton, 2007) and upon the wider community (Tang and Tang, 2007; Mohr, Webb and Harris, 2001; Moir, 2001).

Apple- Function and Form Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple- Function and Form - Essay Example The company has also diversified in its business areas such as development of mobile devices, iPod and iPhones applying the notion of differentiation in its business-level strategies. There are various advantages and disadvantages of differentiation to the company. A productive differentiation strategy is one of the strengths of Apple. The implementation of this strategy has resulted in the expansion of its product line from personal computers to mobile communication devices, software applications and operating systems. Moreover, the differentiation strategy has led to development of premium price for its products. The premium price is the process, which comprises a hike in the price of products so that a positive and healthy perception can be created among the buyers of the company. The company is also renowned for its highly efficient personnel. Apple had also created numerous products with advanced technology so that its customers are satisfied at the full (Bertone, 2009). Apple faces the negative effects of the imitation strategies practiced by its rival companies. This can be curbed through the adoption of focus strategy, which emphasizes a particular market segment, so as to build its customers’ loyalty to a greater extent (Baxter & Wainwright, 2013). In addition, the company has faced strong competition regardless of the adoption of differentiation strategy. Apple has also failed to consider the price conscious buying behaviour of its customers. This has culminated in loss of cost leadership due to enticing of customers through price reduction. Moreover, the differentiation strategy has led to change of customer preferences, which has reduced the demand of some products. Apple should maintain the application of Porter’s Generic strategies framework. In addition, the company should fully adopt the differentiation strategy and emphasize on its innovative strengths

Building Teams and Resolving Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building Teams and Resolving Conflict - Essay Example Furthermore, conflict resolution is a critical aspect of businesses in the contemporary world. This is owing to the fact that there is increased diversity in the workplace resulting to increased chances of conflict. An effective manager will have the solution to conflicts arising in the workplace. If he fails to do so, he will have failed his duty as a manager. This paper discusses some of the major reasons behind managers’ failures. One of the salient reasons for manager’s failure is poor communication skills. Managers who are passive communicators fail to pass the message across to their employees that reflect in poor performance that may eventually lead to failure (Dotlich and Cairo, 2007). Ineffectual managers tend to have poor communication skills as they do not listen to what the employees have to say and do not share their thoughts with them (Gallos, 2008). Decisions made by such managers are unilateral and employees cannot express their dissatisfaction and this impacts negative on the entity’s performance. There are those managers that lack authority and may fail to apply influential skills to face the problems in the organization. Managers who do not address the attitudes and feelings of employees are likely to fail as they face looming resistance from the employees. Conflict among employees is inevitable and managers should be prepared to deal with such situations once they arise. Employee conflicts have been an increasing phenomenon in the modern world owing to increasing diversity in the present times (Moley, Pietri and Mosley, 2010). If managers do not have the skills to handle employee conflicts effectively, they will fail as the work place will become chaotic and this will adversely affect the manager’s performance. Precisely, the way a manager handles conflict determines whether they will succeed or fail. A considerable number of managers experience flourishing

Nursing Essays Therapeutic Relationship Patient

Nursing Essays Therapeutic Relationship Patient Introduction Within the context of healthcare one of the most important factors is the establishment of an effective therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient (Foster Hawkins, 2005). The ways in which nursing staff and patients interact can be influential in terms of information transfer, provision of psychological support, and may also provide some therapeutic benefits in themselves (Welch, 2005). Hence, there has been a renewed focus on the importance of how nurses interact with patients in practice, in order to enhance patient outcomes (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008; Sutcliffe, 2011). Understanding the fundamental components of this relationship and how to achieve these components in practice remains a vital aspect of nurse training and continuing professional development (Ramjan, 2004; Perraud et al., 2006). In accordance with the perceived importance of the therapeutic relationship, the aim of this paper is to provide an evidence-based review of how this relationship may be used in nursing practice. This will be supplemented with a reflection on personal observations made by the author, utilising a reflective model (Nielsen et al., 2007). The model in this case will be that devised by Gibbs (1988), which has been validated as a useful tool for personal practice development and goal-setting in the clinical domain (Foster Hawkins, 2005). This model emphasises a step-wise approach to reflection, encompassing: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan formulation (Gibbs, 1988). Therefore, this paper will consider the therapeutic relationship from the perspective of a specified practice context experienced by the author, with a discussion of how practice can be improved based on the best available evidence from the literature. Reflection context The main context of care that will be the focus of this essay is the elderly rehabilitation ward, where the author first encountered a number of issues regarding the need for optimal relationships between practitioners and patients in practice. The goal of this ward is to assist elderly patients in adapting to their functional capacities and lifestyle abilities, in order that they can achieve the maximum possible degree of quality of life in the community setting following discharge (Routasalo et al., 2004). Consequently, numerous health professionals provide an input into the care pathway, including physiotherapists, occupational therapists and physicians, in addition to nursing staff (Hershkovitz et al., 2007). From the perspective of the author, there are several important aspects of this scenario that relate to the therapeutic relationship: the large increase in personal responsibilities in terms of assisting patients with activities, the need to motivate and communicate effectively with patients to ensure that they are able to remain psychologically motivated, and the need to coordinate personal clinical care activities with those of others to ensure the patient journey is smooth (Siegert Taylor, 2004). The remainder of this paper will consider the therapeutic relationship grounded within this practice context, supplemented with personal experiences from this placement, in order to highlight these factors in greater detail. Evidence-based reflection Defining the therapeutic relationship In order to fully appreciate the need for a therapeutic relationship it is important to define this relationship in a practice context. The term is often used within the context of psychiatric or psychological therapy distribution in modern literature, although the aim of this paper is to consider the term as a more general way in which nurses communicate and interact with patients to establish a clear clinical outcome (Bulmer Smith et al., 2009). McKlindon Barnsteiner (1999) suggest that the therapeutic relationship needs to be a two-way, reciprocal relationship at all times, involving nursing staff, the patient and their family, where appropriate. There is a need to emphasise caring in this relationship, with positive communication and clear boundaries of both personal and professional interactions (McCormack, 2004). Hence, the relationship between a nurse and patient should fit into the patient-centred model of care, where patients are not only listened to within a clinical decision-making context, but are actively encouraged to participate in their own care pathway (McCormack McCance, 2006). The therapeutic relationship encompasses three important domains of care: physical, psychological and emotional care (Pelzang, 2010). These elements may be more profoundly encountered by nursing staff on hospital wards due to their prolonged exposure to specific patients and their in-depth interactions in the patient care journey, when compared to other members of staff who may have less face-to-face time with individuals (Pelzang, 2010). Within the setting of the elderly rehabilitation ward, many patients are transitioning from an acute or chronic care scenario to community care and require additional, specialist assistance in doing so (McCormack, 2003). Consequently, nursing staff in this ward are exposed to patients for extended periods of time and need to consider the holistic aspects of care in order to achieve successful rehabilitation (Cott, 2004). Therefore, the therapeutic relationship in this context involves establishing the capabilities of the patient, working with the patient to achieve set goals, and ensuring that the psychological and emotional aspects of chronic illness or disability can be managed effectively in the long term (McCormack McCance, 2006). Communication In light of the definition of the therapeutic relationship within the context of rehabilitation, the remaining sections of this paper will evaluate the core aspects involved in maintaining a therapeutic relationship, with this section focusing on communication between nurse and patient. The specific clinical scenario the author has struggled with in the rehabilitation placement is when a patient has higher expectations than they should in terms of their ability to perform tasks or live independently following discharge. Patients are obviously passionate in maintaining independence in the majority of cases and this can cloud their judgement as to their genuine abilities and capabilities in functional tasks (Cott, 2004). While it is important to acknowledge the feelings and ideas of a patient and act accordingly, it can be negligent of nursing duties not to act with the patient’s best interests at heart (McCormack, 2003). Therefore, the nurse needs to maintain that their actions are guided by medical evidence and professional protocols, as well as reflecting the need and desires of the patient (NMC, 2008). Communication encompasses not only verbal communication with the patient, but is also reflected in body language and actions (Yoo Chae, 2011). Having an open body posture, including the avoidance of crossed arms, can help in establishing rapport, while maintaining eye contact and avoiding distractions during conversations with patients can enhance the bond between nurse and patient (Brown Bylund, 2008). Communication is also as much about relaying information as it is about receiving information and therefore, nursing staff should be able to elicit patient concerns specifically and utilise these appropriately without blocking these interactions with a one-sided approach to conversation (Yoo Chae, 2011). The opposite is also true, whereby overly expressive patients may limit the nurse-led component of the communication episode; both parties need to be good at communication for a perfect mutual appreciation of ideas to occur (Sheldon et al., 2006). In practice this may be difficult to achieve, but the obligations of the nurse to facilitate this process are a core component of the therapeutic relationship. Communicating effectively with patients in the elderly rehabilitation setting was a massive responsibility and challenge for the author, as this was their first encounter with such patients in this setting. The expectation of knowledge in this setting was high and it could be frustrating to patients who want answers from a junior or inexperienced practitioner (McCormack, 2003; Leach, 2005). Hence communication needed to focus on establishing information, sharing action plans and building general rapport that would enable the development of trust and a mutually beneficial exchange of ideas (Leach, 2005). The author found this form of communication challenging to achieve on a routine basis within the rehabilitation setting, due to the need to balance a motivational approach with a realistic form of communication regarding expected patient capabilities and outcomes. Hence, the reflective scenario will focus on aspects of this particular communication episode as a component of the therapeutic relationship. Empathy Empathy is a cornerstone of effective communication with patients and is defined as the ability to share or identify with the emotional state of the patient (Brunero et al., 2010). If done effectively an empathic response to patient concerns can yield a sense of shared understanding, reinforcing the notion that the patient’s concerns are being listened to (Kirk, 2007). By establishing an empathic response with a patient, practitioners often remark that they are better able to connect with the experiences of the patient, allowing them greater insight into how they can help the patient (Brunero et al., 2010). Therefore, empathy is a core component of establishing a meaningful therapeutic relationship with patients in all settings. The nurse can develop empathic communication skills in a number of ways, including through specific communication skills training (Webster, 2010). This training often emphasises the role of open-ended questions and body language within the context of empathy, whereby nurses should ask patients specifically about their emotions and feelings during a clinical interaction (Stickley Freshwater, 2006). Often the process of asking a patient how they feel about a particular reaction is sufficient to allow them to relax and become more comfortable conveying these thoughts and feelings. On the part of the nurse, it is important to reflect these responses back to the patient by further exploring these issues and offering an active listening approach, rather than redirecting the focus of the conversation back to more clinical matters (Brunero et al., 2010). Although it has been argued that empathy is an intrinsic quality, which some people possess, the representation of empathy in communication is important in clinical care and should be delivered through verbal, non-verbal and emotional communication skills (Welch, 2005). In the present scenario, the author was able to empathise with patients on the rehabilitation ward to a high degree and many patients were frank and open about their emotional needs and worries regarding the rehabilitation process. Often the patients’ worries were highly emotive and this affected the author such that the patient was regarded as an object of sympathy or pity in some cases due to their hardships. This made the author feel uncomfortable during patient interactions for a number of reasons: firstly, because it was an emotional situation, and secondly because the expectations of the patient with regards to rehabilitation were higher than expected and it was often difficult to address these in a controlled manner. Hence, the reflective experience demonstrates a number of feelings in this situation, which reflect problems with the therapeutic relationship. Trust and respect One of the primary outcomes of the therapeutic relationship is to establish a caring and trusting relationship between the nurse and patient (Brown et al., 2006). Trust is a concept based on respect and openness within this relationship and this often takes time to establish, acting as an extension of the professional respect a patient may hold for a nurse and vice versa (Miller, 2006). Within the context of elderly care rehabilitation, nurses need to establish a strong bond of trust as patients will often have to make compromises in terms of assisted living devices and acceptance of their functional limitations when attempting to optimise their quality of life (Schmalenberg et al., 2005). Unless they trust the healthcare professionals involved in their care they are less likely to adhere to recommendations or to accept help, reducing the potential positive impacts of nursing interventions (McCabe, 2004). Establishing trust within a therapeutic relationship requires time and demands that the practitioner is able to manage their communication skills appropriately to ensure the patient feels that they are listened to and involved in their own care (Brown et al., 2006). Both the practitioner and the patient must be receptive to the idea of trust within the relationship in order for this to be achieved, which often involves addressing barriers to trust, including suspiciousness of the intentions of healthcare professionals, poor communication, and mutual respect on a personal level (Miller, 2006). When a trusting relationship is achieved there is a greater chance that patients will be receptive to clinical interventions and nursing input, at least when delivered on a personal level (Wolf Zuzelo, 2006). Equally, nursing staff can trust that patients will make informed decisions about their care and will follow guidance, when appropriate (Schmalenberg et al., 2005). Within the present reflective context, the author felt as though there was a distinct lack of trust in the therapeutic relationship, primarily due to the fact that a patient would often wish for their expectations to be met without heeding specific nursing advice on several occasions. This was likely secondary to the fact that the author found it difficult to convey these ideas in a sensitive manner, while addressing the concerns of the patient in an empathic way. Hence, it can be perceived that the patient and nurse did not enter a trusting relationship, as communication between the two was suboptimal (McCabe, 2004). However, on a more positive note, the relationships formed with patient during the initial days on placement were friendly and demonstrated a degree of mutual respect, which is an important facet of the therapeutic relationship (Stickley Freshwater, 2006). Hence, there were positive and negative aspects to the therapeutic relationships formed in practice during this placement, according to a reflective evaluation. To make sense of this situation, the author analysed these positive and negative factors within this context. What was clear to the author was that the communication skills that had been utilised so far in therapeutic relationship building relied heavily on patient factors, rather than nursing input. Hence, there was an imbalance in the way information was presented and received within this relationship, to the detriment of the therapeutic journey. The reasons for poor communication and trust establishment stemmed from multiple factors, including the younger age of the author compared to patients, relative inexperience on the part of the author, and the highly charged emotional nature of interactions in this setting. Therefore, it was clear that one of the main factors that was missing in the therapeutic relationships was the projection of a strong professional identity, which could guide the patient towards a suitable clinical outcome and would assist in developing the appropriate communication tools for the rehabilitation process. Professional values While it is clear that the need for the therapeutic relationship stems from a desire to form a constructive clinical partnership with a patient in a specific context, there is also a professional responsibility to engage patients in this manner in practice (Chitty Black, 2007). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) advocate communication, trust, dignity and respect during the treatment of all patients as a fundamental aspect of care delivery and therefore establishing a therapeutic relationship can be considered a core aspect of all nursing practice (Fahrenwald et al., 2005). However, within the context of effective nursing practice it is recognised that there is a need to respect the personal boundaries of the patient and to act as a professional rather than a friend in most cases (Rushton, 2006). Professionalism in the context of rehabilitation care includes the need to be realistic with regards to patient expectations, while ensuring appropriate levels of motivation and commitment to a therapeutic plan (Fahrenwald et al., 2005; Rushton, 2006). For some practitioners, an overly empathic response to patients and their condition can lead to sympathy and warped clinical decision making processes, often favouring the opinion of the patient over established guidance (Bulmer Smith et al., 2009). This is likely to have a detrimental impact on the patient in the long term and should be avoided as a result. Within the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988), the author has noted that one of the main conclusions that can be drawn from working within the rehabilitation sphere is that maintenance of professional values and boundaries is essential to avoid becoming overly emotional or inappropriately involved in patient care (Stickley Freshwater, 2006; Baker et al., 2008). The author should try not to become too attached to patients during their care journey in order to make an objective assessment of their capabilities and therapeutic needs, as relying too heavily on the opinions and desires of the patient can yield unsatisfactory results in the long term, particularly when these go against recommended practice (Leach, 2005). By applying more rigorous professional boundaries in the future, and focusing on explaining complex situations from a nursing perspective, rather than yielding to the patients’ wishes, the author can improve their contribution to practice in the long term and enhance the patient journey through rehabilitation. Conclusion In summary, this paper has considered the personal experiences of the author within the context of a reflective practice episode in order to appreciate the value and tenets of the therapeutic relationship in practice. The core components of the therapeutic relationship, as they relate to the present scenario, have been discussed with reference to the evidence base in order to develop a constructive reflective episode reflecting a description of events, feeling, evaluation, analysis and conclusion. The process of reflection should yield a suitable action plan and in this case the author feels that they should engage with patients in a more professional manner, ensuring that they maintain an empathic and understanding approach to care while maintaining nursing boundaries. In order to achieve this, communication skills should be enhanced in the future, through attendance at specific communication skills courses, in order to become more comfortable in managing potential conflicts or hostility. This should enhance the therapeutic relationship and ensure that future patients can be managed in a manner that benefits all members of the relationship. Furthermore, it is important that the author is aware of how other colleagues maintain professional boundaries and can direct their relationship accordingly in practice, and consultation with colleagues on this point would be a useful learning tool. On completion of these tasks, the author should therefore feel better prepared to engage with patients in a meaningful way, ensuring that trust is developed and that patients have an effective care process, in all areas of care. References Baker, C., Pulling, C., McGraw, R., Dagnone, J. D., Hopkins†Rosseel, D., Medves, J. (2008). Simulation in interprofessional education for patient†centred collaborative care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 372-379. Brown, D., White, J., Leibbrandt, L. (2006). Collaborative partnerships for nursing faculties and health service providers: what can nursing learn from business literature?. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(3), 170-179. Brown, R. F., Bylund, C. L. (2008). 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Rodgers and Hammerstein Essay -- essays research papers

Rodgers and Hammerstein Collaborations Oklahoma! The first collaboration of Rodgers and Hammerstein was entitled Oklahoma! The idea of the musical came from a play called Green Grow the Lilacs, written by Lynn Riggs in 1931. This story is about the state of Oklahoma at the turn of the century, when the Indian Territory joined the United States. It is the story of a girl named Laurey Williams and her (sort of) love triangle with two boys by the names of Curley McClain and Jud Fry. Laurey is in love with Curley, but she attends a dance with Jud instead. At the dance, Curley surprised Laurey by bidding an enormous amount on the basket of food she has prepared. They soon marry, and after the wedding, Jud starts a fight with Curley, but he loses. Jud is accidentally stabbed, but Curley was acquitted. Curley and his new wife live happily ever after in the great place of Oklahoma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This musical opened at St. James Theatre on March 31, 1943 and ran for 2,212 performances. It was directed by Rouben Mamoulain and choreographed by Agnes de Mille. Oklalahoma! became so popular that it was decided to make it into a movie. The movie would be pretty similar, including some of the musical’s famous songs, such as â€Å"Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin’,† â€Å"The Surrey With the Fringe on Top,† â€Å"People Will Say We’re In Love,† and â€Å"Oklahoma.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film version of the same name was released October 11, 1955. Agnes de Mille again, choreographed it. Shirley Jones played the role of Laurey Williams, while Gordon MacRea played Curley McClain. Carousel On April 19, 1945 the musical Carousel opened at the Majestic Theatre in New York. It was based on the play entitled Liliom by Ferenc Molnar. This was a story about a young man named Billy Bigelow and his young wife Julie Jordan. Billy is a carnival barker, but soon looses his job. This upsets him because he knows that Julie is about to have a child, so he attempts to get more money by means of robbery. He then is forced to kill himself to escape arrest. Billy then goes to Heaven. Some time later, Billy is allowed to go back to earth for only 24 hours to see his unhappy daughter Louise, who is 15 years old. Billy steals a star to give to his daughter, but she refuses it. He slaps her in the face, but she isn’t upset by the action. Billy gets to know his daughter and gives her a better... ... and Hammerstein was also their last. The musical came from â€Å"The Trapp Family Singers,† by Maria Augusta Trapp. It opened on November 16, 1959 in New York and ran for 1,443 performances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This was the story of a girl named Maria Rainer who is sent to the house of a widower named Capt. Georg Von Trapp, to watch over his children. They both fall in love with each other, but say nothing because Georg is engaged to a wealthy woman named Elsa Schraeder. They realize they are in love, and soon get married. They are forced to leave Austria because it has been invaded by the Germans. Georg must return to the navy. The two and the children escape the Germans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many songs were incorporated into the story line, such as â€Å"The Sound of Music,† â€Å"My Favorite Things,† and â€Å"So Long, Farewell.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Sound of Music soon became a film. It premiered on March 2, 1965. Julie Andrews played the part of Maria, who played Cinderella before. There has been at least one revival since, on March 16, 1998 in New York. http://www.geocities.com/ding3371/ http://www.geocities.com/Broadway/Booth/7900/